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Monday, June 10, 2013

In COPD Patients, Inflammation Is Associated With Depression

by Bidita Debnath on? May 25, 2013 at 11:48 PM Research News In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, depression is common and has been linked with disease severity and impaired quality of life. In COPD Patients, Inflammation Is Associated With Depression
Now, for the first time, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have linked the systemic inflammation associated with COPD with depression in these patients.

"Systemic inflammation is thought to be an important mediator of comorbidities in COPD, but the relationship between inflammation and depression has not been explored," said researcher Hilary Strollo, M.S., a graduate of the University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences. "In our study, we found a strong association between depressive symptoms and levels of the inflammatory biomarker interleukin-6 (IL-6) which was independent of the severity of airflow obstruction."

The study results will be presented at the ATS 2013 International Conference in Philadelphia.

The study included 450 tobacco-exposed patients. Assessment included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and the UCSD Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ). Spirometry and multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) of the chest were also performed.

Of 235 male patients enrolled, 37 were depressed, and of 215 females, 49 were depressed. Clinical and biological variables that were found to be significantly associated with depression included the forced expiratory volume or FEV1, a measure of the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled in one second, gender, IL-6 levels, SGRQ Total Score, UCSD SOBQ Total Score, Visual Emphysema Score, and current smoking status.

The strongest associations were seen between depressive symptoms and FEV1, followed by female gender, current smoking status and increased IL-6.

"Depression has been linked with a number of symptoms and comorbidities in COPD patients," said Ms. Strollo. "Our findings add evidence of a strong relationship between depression and one of the hallmarks of COPD, systemic inflammation, independent of the severity of disease."

"The assessment and treatment of depression should be part of the routine care of COPD patients."

Source-Newswise

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Sunday, June 9, 2013

OSA is Associated With Less Visceral Fat Accumulation in Women Than Men: Study

"Visceral fat accumulation, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is also associated with OSA, and gender differences in mortality related to sleep apnea have been reported in some studies. Accordingly, we examined if the relationship between OSA and visceral fat accumulation differed by gender," said Drs. Yuka Harada, MD and Kazuo Chin MD.PhD, of the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine. "We found that visceral fat accumulation was associated with OSA in men, but not in women."

The study results will be presented at the ATS 2013 International Conference in Philadelphia.

The study enrolled 271 male and 100 female patients who were evaluated for OSA between October 2008 and December 2010.

Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were similar in men and women. Compared with women, men had greater visceral fat accumulation, more severe OSA, and more severe dyslipidemia.

Statistical analyses of the relationships between OSA and fat accumulation revealed that in men, age, BMI, and two indicators of OSA (minimum oxygen saturation during sleep and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference) were independently associated with visceral fat accumulation, while in women, only BMI was associated with visceral fat accumulation.

Measurements of subcutaneous fat were related to BMI in both men and women, but were not related to OSA parameters.

"The complex relationship between OSA and obesity is well documented," said Drs Harada and Chin. "If our findings that visceral fat accumulation is associated with OSA only in men are confirmed in further studies, it may help in the development of new prognostic tools and treatment approaches in this population."

Source-Newswise

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Saturday, June 8, 2013

COPD Is Associated With Significant and Persistent Pain: Study

The research results will be presented at the ATS 2013 International Conference.

"Several studies have found high rates of pain medication use among COPD patients, and pain has also been an important determinant of overall health status and quality of life in COPD," said study lead author Melissa Roberts, MS, senior research associate at the Lovelace Clinic Foundation in Albuquerque and a doctoral candidate at the University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy.

"In prior studies, we had observed increased narcotic and non-narcotic pain medication use among individuals with COPD and were interested in whether this was because the COPD population tends to be older and have more comorbidities, or whether there might be an association between COPD and pain above and beyond what age and comorbidities might explain," she said. "In this study, we chose to compare chronic pain in individuals with COPD and individuals with chronic conditions that similarly affect multiple body systems."

The retrospective study used data gathered from 7,952 COPD patients and 15,904 non-COPD patients over the age of 40 who were enrolled in a managed care system in the southwestern United States from 2006 through 2010. The presence of pain was determined by pain-associated diagnosis codes, the use of pain therapy and outpatient prescription claims for pain medication, and recurrent therapy and prescriptions were considered evidence of chronic pain.

The researchers found that compared to those with non-COPD chronic disease, a greater number of patients with COPD had some indication of chronic pain and use of pain-related medications, including both short-acting and long-acting opioids. However, chronic pain was not associated with lung function impairment among the study patients, suggesting the causes of pain are not directly associated with airflow obstruction. The only subset of patients with greater prevalence of chronic pain and use of pain medication were patients with either rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis.

"We found the prevalence of chronic pain among adults with chronic disease to be almost twice as high as among individuals without chronic disease," Ms. Roberts noted. "Among those with chronic disease, individuals with COPD were similar to those with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis in their experience of pain, but with even greater use of opioids."

An investigation of the incremental costs associated with chronic pain is under way, she noted.

"The socioeconomic impact of chronic pain on patients with COPD is also an understudied issue, and many health care organizations conduct management programs for chronic diseases which significantly impact quality of life," Ms. Roberts said. "Among individuals with COPD, pain may be having a marked impact on their quality of life, potentially as much as their respiratory disease, and contributing significantly to their cost of care."

Source-Newswise

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Tuesday, June 4, 2013

Scientists Identify Pathogens Associated With Paediatric Diarrhoeal Disease

by Sheela Philomena on? May 19, 2013 at 10:09 AM Child Health News Pathogens associated with moderate-to-severe diarrhoea in infants have been discovered by scientists. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) was designed to identify the aetiology and population-based burden of paediatric diarrhoeal disease in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. Scientists Identify Pathogens Associated With Paediatric Diarrhoeal Disease
It is a 3-year, prospective, age-stratified, matched case-control study of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea in children aged 0-59 months residing in censused populations at four sites in Africa and three in Asia.

The researchers said that recruited children with moderate-to-severe diarrhoea seeking care at health centres along with one to three randomly selected matched community control children without diarrhoea.

From patients with moderate-to-severe diarrhoea and controls, they said they obtained clinical and epidemiological data, anthropometric measurements, and a faecal sample to identify enteropathogens at enrolment.

One follow-up home visit was made about 60 days later to ascertain vital status, clinical outcome, and interval growth.

They enrolled 9439 children with moderate-to-severe diarrhoea and 13 129 control children without diarrhoea.

By analysing adjusted population attributable fractions, they found that most attributable cases of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea were due to four pathogens: rotavirus, Cryptosporidium, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli producing heat-stable toxin (ST-ETEC; with or without co-expression of heat-labile enterotoxin), and Shigella.

Other pathogens were important in selected sites (eg, Aeromonas, Vibrio cholerae O1, Campylobacter jejuni).

They also found that odds of dying during follow-up were 8.5-fold higher in patients with moderate-to-severe diarrhoea than in controls.

Pathogens associated with increased risk of case death were ST-ETEC and typical enteropathogenic E coli in infants aged 0-11 months, and Cryptosporidium in toddlers aged 12-23 months.

The researchers noted that interventions targeting five pathogens (rotavirus, Shigella, ST-ETEC, Cryptosporidium, typical enteropathogenic E coli) could substantially reduce the burden of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea.

New methods and accelerated implementation of existing interventions (rotavirus vaccine and zinc) are needed to prevent disease and improve outcomes, they added.

The research was published in Lancet.

Source-ANI

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Monday, June 10, 2013

In COPD Patients, Inflammation Is Associated With Depression

Sunday, June 9, 2013

OSA is Associated With Less Visceral Fat Accumulation in Women Than Men: Study

Saturday, June 8, 2013

COPD Is Associated With Significant and Persistent Pain: Study

Tuesday, June 4, 2013

Scientists Identify Pathogens Associated With Paediatric Diarrhoeal Disease