Natural therapy: Diabetes

Showing posts with label Diabetes. Show all posts

Sunday, August 18, 2013

Walking Reduces Risk of Diabetes and High Blood Pressure

by Bidita Debnath on? August 07, 2013 at 10:01 PM Research News A new study suggests that people who walk to work are around 40 per cent less likely to have diabetes as those who drive. Walking Reduces Risk of Diabetes and High Blood Pressure
Researchers at Imperial College London and University College London examined how various health indicators related to how people get to work, using data from a survey of 20,000 people across the UK.

They found that cycling, walking, and using public transport were all associated with lower risk of being overweight than driving or taking a taxi. People who walk to work were also 17% less likely than people who drive to have high blood pressure. Cyclists were around half as likely to have diabetes as drivers.

The findings are published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.High blood pressure, diabetes, and being overweight are all major risk factors for heart and circulatory disease, the UK's biggest killer.

The researchers said people could reduce their risks of serious health problems such as heart attacks by avoiding using a car.

"This study highlights that building physical activity into the daily routine by walking, cycling or using public transport to get to work is good for personal health ," said Anthony Laverty, from the School of Public Health at Imperial College London.

Nineteen per cent of working age adults who use private transport - such as cars, motorbikes or taxis - to get to work were obese, compared to 15 per cent of those who walked and 13 per cent of those who cycled to work.The study found wide variations in the modes of transport used in different parts of the UK. Public transport was used most in London, at 52 per cent, compared with just five per cent in Northern Ireland.

"The variations between regions suggest that infrastructure and investment in public transport, walking and cycling can play a large role in encouraging healthy lives, and that encouraging people out of the car can be good for them as well as the environment," said Laverty.

Source-Eurekalert

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Wednesday, July 31, 2013

Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Mild Renal Impairment Suffer Less Hypoglycemia With JANUVIA (sitagliptin) Compared to Sulfonylurea

by Kathy Jones on? June 24, 2013 at 8:40 PM Diabetes News Hypoglycemia is always an issue with patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and sometimes medicines can exacerbate this hypoglycemia.
Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today announced results from a post-hoc pooled analysis showing patients with type 2 diabetes and mild renal impairment treated with JANUVIA? (sitagliptin) 100 mg once-daily achieved similar blood sugar reductions as those treated with the sulfonylureas glipizide or glimepiride, with significantly fewer events of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), and with weight loss instead of weight gain. Results were presented at the American Diabetes Association 73rd Scientific Sessions.

"Chronic renal disease is, unfortunately, an increasingly common problem in patients with type 2 diabetes?and one which can complicate physicians' management of their patients' blood sugar control," said Peter Stein, vice president of Clinical Research for diabetes and endocrinology, Merck Research Laboratories. "Treatments which can help patients with diabetes and renal insufficiency get to improved glycemic control, without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia, may be very useful."

Patients taking JANUVIA 100 mg once-daily achieved similar blood sugar reductions (-0.62 LS mean A1Ci reduction from a baseline of 7.6%) as patients taking a sulfonylurea (-0.68 LS mean A1C reduction from a baseline of 7.6%).

Of the patients taking JANUVIA? (sitagliptin), 6.8 percent experienced one or more episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia, compared to 26.2 percent of patients taking a sulfonylurea (p<0.001). Patients taking JANUVIA also experienced weight loss (-0.9 kg or approximately 2 lbs.) compared to weight gain (+1.4 kg or approximately 3 lbs.) with a sulfonylurea (p<0.001).

JANUVIA is indicated, as an adjunct to diet and exercise, to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JANUVIA should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. JANUVIA has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis. It is unknown whether patients with a history of pancreatitis are at increased risk of developing pancreatitis while taking JANUVIA. There have been no clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with JANUVIA or with any other antidiabetic drug.

Design of Post-hoc Analysis

This post-hoc analysis pooled data from three randomized, double-blind studies conducted over 25-30 weeks that included 1,180 patients with type 2 diabetes and mild renal insufficiencyii. The analysis compared the effects of JANUVIA 100 mg (n=584) once daily to a sulfonylurea, either glipizide or glimepiride (n=596) in titrated doses, on change from baseline in A1C, fasting plasma glucose, body weight, and the incidence of symptomatic hypoglycemia.

Selected Important Risk Information About JANUVIA? (sitagliptin) 50 mg, 100 mg tablets

JANUVIA is contraindicated in patients with a history of a serious hypersensitivity reaction to sitagliptin, such as anaphylaxis or angioedema.

There have been postmarketing reports of acute pancreatitis, including fatal and nonfatal hemorrhagic or necrotizing pancreatitis, in patients taking JANUVIA. After initiating JANUVIA? (sitagliptin), observe patients carefully for signs and symptoms of pancreatitis. If pancreatitis is suspected, promptly discontinue JANUVIA and initiate appropriate management. It is unknown whether patients with a history of pancreatitis are at increased risk of developing pancreatitis while taking JANUVIA.

Assessment of renal function is recommended prior to initiating JANUVIA and periodically thereafter. A dosage adjustment is recommended in patients with moderate or severe renal insufficiency and in patients with end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Caution should be used to ensure that the correct dose of JANUVIA is prescribed.

There have been postmarketing reports of worsening renal function, including acute renal failure, sometimes requiring dialysis. A subset of these reports involved patients with renal insufficiency, some of whom were prescribed inappropriate doses of sitagliptin.

When JANUVIA was used in combination with a sulfonylurea or insulin, medications known to cause hypoglycemia, the incidence of hypoglycemia was increased over that of placebo. Therefore, a lower dose of sulfonylurea or insulin may be required to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.

The incidence (and rate) of hypoglycemia based on all reports of symptomatic hypoglycemia were: 12.2 percent (0.59 episodes per patient-year) for JANUVIA 100 mg in combination with glimepiride (with or without metformin), 1.8 percent (0.24 episodes per patient-year) for placebo in combination with glimepiride (with or without metformin), 15.5 percent (1.06 episodes per patient-year) for JANUVIA 100 mg in combination with insulin (with or without metformin), and 7.8 percent(0.51 episodes per patient-year) for placebo in combination with insulin (with or without metformin).

There have been postmarketing reports of serious hypersensitivity reactions in patients treated with JANUVIA, such as anaphylaxis, angioedema, and exfoliative skin conditions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Onset of these reactions occurred within the first 3 months after initiation of treatment with JANUVIA, with some reports occurring after the first dose. If a hypersensitivity reaction is suspected, discontinue JANUVIA, assess for other potential causes for the event, and institute alternative treatment for diabetes.

Angioedema has also been reported with other dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Use caution in a patient with a history of angioedema with another DPP-4 inhibitor because it is unknown whether such patients will be predisposed to angioedema with JANUVIA? (sitagliptin).

There have been no clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with JANUVIA or with any other antidiabetic drug.

In clinical studies, the adverse reactions reported, regardless of investigator assessment of causality, in greater than or equal to 5 percent of patients treated with JANUVIA as monotherapy and in combination therapy and more commonly than in patients treated with placebo, were upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis, and headache.

Source-Eurekalert

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Sunday, July 14, 2013

Childhood Respiratory Infections may Up Type 1 Diabetes Risk: Research

by Rukmani Krishna on? July 04, 2013 at 1:11 PM Child Health News A new research has warned that infections in early childhood may put children at a high risk for developing type 1 diabetes mellitus. Childhood Respiratory Infections may Up Type 1 Diabetes Risk: Research
The study included 148 children at high risk for T1D with 1,245 documented infectious events during 90,750 person-days during their first three years of life.

"Our study identified respiratory infections in early childhood, especially in the first year of life, as a risk factor for the development of T1D", the authors note.

"We also found some evidence for short-term effects of infectious events on development of autoimmunity, while cumulative exposure alone seemed not to be causative," they further wrote.

According to the results, an increased hazard ratio of islet autoantibody seroconversion was associated with respiratory infections during the first six months of life and ages 6 to almost 12 months.

During the second year of life, no meaningful associations were detected for any infectious category.

A higher number of respiratory infections in the six months prior to islet autoantibody seroconversion was also associated with an increased HR.

The study has been published by JAMA Pediatrics.

Source-ANI

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Thursday, June 27, 2013

Exercise Benefits Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Study

Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin, a hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into the cells, or when the cells resist the effects of insulin. The disease can lead to a wide range of complications, including damage to the eyes and kidneys and hardening of the arteries.

Exercise is recommended for people with diabetes, but its effects on different fat deposits in the body are unclear, according to the study's senior author, Hildo J. Lamb, M.D., Ph.D., from the Department of Radiology at Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands.

"Based on previous studies, we noticed that different fat deposits in the body show a differential response to dietary or medical intervention," he said. "Metabolic and other effects of exercise are hard to investigate, because usually an exercise program is accompanied by changes in lifestyle and diet."

For the new study, Dr. Lamb and colleagues assessed the effects of exercise on organ-specific fat accumulation and cardiac function in type 2 diabetes patients, independent of any other lifestyle or dietary changes. The 12 patients, average age 46 years, underwent MRI examinations before and after six months of moderate-intensity exercise totaling between 3.5 and six hours per week and featuring two endurance and two resistance training sessions. The exercise cycle culminated with a 12-day trekking expedition.

MRI results showed that, although cardiac function was not affected, the exercise program led to a significant decrease in fat volume in the abdomen, liver and around the heart, all of which have been previously shown to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

"In the present study we observed that the second layer of fat around the heart, the peracardial fat, behaved similarly in response to exercise training as intra-abdominal, or visceral fat," Dr. Lamb said. "The fat content in the liver also decreased substantially after exercise."

Dr. Lamb noted that the exercise-induced fat reductions in the liver are of particular importance to people with type 2 diabetes, many of whom are overweight or obese.

"The liver plays a central role in regulating total body fat distribution," he said. "Therefore, reduction of liver fat content and visceral fat volume by physical exercise are very important to reverse the adverse effects of lipid accumulation elsewhere, such as the heart and arterial vessel wall."

The findings point to an important role for imaging in identifying appropriate treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes, which the World Health Organization projects to be the seventh leading cause of death worldwide by 2030.

"In the future, we hope to be able to use advanced imaging techniques to predict in individual patients which therapeutic strategy is most effective: diet, medication, exercise, surgery or certain combinations," Dr. Lamb said.

Source-Eurekalert

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Wednesday, June 19, 2013

Statin use Ups diabetes risk

Statins are among the most widely prescribed drugs for the prevention of cardiovascular accidents. Well tolerated, has recently suggested an association with recent-onset diabetes. A trial has suggested that a 27% increase in the risk of diabetes with while rosuvastatin patients suggested an another taking Pravastatin has enjoyed a 30% lower risk.

There are little data on this subject, researchers at the Canada conducted a population-based study on 1.5 million resident in Ontario, to Canada to examine the relationship between the individual use of statin and recent-onset diabetes.

All patients were between the ages of 66 and more started statin therapy between 1997 and 2010. The median age was 73 years. Monitoring is completed at the end of 2010, or a maximum of five years following the beginning of statins, whichever came first. The primary outcome was incident diabetes.

Data were derived from the basis of the provision of drugs of Ontario, the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract Database and the Ontario Diabetes database. Statin drugs included in the study were: fluvastatin, lovastatin, Pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin.

All studies used in patients treated with Pravastatin that turned out the comparison like this group have newly diagnosed positive effects diabetes in animal models and clinical trials.

471 250 patients were identified with no history of diabetes and who have been recently treated with a Statin. 54% were women. Atorvastatin represented more than half of all orders new Statin, followed by the rosuvastatin, simvastatin, Pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin.

The overall risk of developing diabetes was low, but this risk is increased in some patients taking statins. Between 162 and 407 patients should be treated with different Statins for a patient further develop diabetes. Patients treated with atorvastatin were found to have a 22% increase in the risk of new-onset diabetes, rosuvastatin a risk of increase of 18% and simvastatin a risk of increase of 10% compared with Pravastatin. In contrast, patients treated with fluvastatin ran a decreased risk of 5% and lovastatin, a risk of 1% decrease.

The rate of events was higher for atorvastatin (30 results per 1000 person-years) and rosuvastatin (34 per 1000 person-years). Simvastatin represents 26 results per 1000 person-years both fluvastatin and lovastatin to 21 results per 1000 person-years.

The researchers found consistent results in analyses of the use of Statins for primary prevention (when people without established disease are treated) and secondary prevention (when people with established diseases are treated). Their results also suggest that patients older at increased risk, regardless of the dose atorvastatin and simvastatin or know if therapy is used for primary or secondary prevention.

The researchers say that several factors may explain the increased risk of diabetes of recent onset in patients receiving some Statins including impaired insulin secretion and insulin release inhibited.

In conclusion, the researchers say clinicians should consider risk when considering the statin therapy. They add that "the preferential use of Pravastatin and potentially fluvastatin [] may be justified" and that Pravastatin may even be beneficial for patients at high risk for diabetes.

In an accompanying editorial, doctors from the University of Turku in Finland say "the overall profit of Statins than always clearly the possible risk of incident diabetes". They conclude that as Statins have been shown to reduce cardiovascular events in patients, they "play an important role in treatment".

Source-Eurekalert

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Friday, June 7, 2013

Newly Identified Immune Protein Could Stop Diabetes in Its Tracks: Melbourne Researchers

The discovery has wider repercussions, as the protein is responsible for protecting the body against excessive immune responses, and could be used to treat, or even prevent, other immune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Professor Len Harrison, Dr Esther Bandala-Sanchez and Dr Yuxia Zhang led the research team from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute's Molecular Medicine division that identified the immune protein CD52 as responsible for suppressing the immune response, and its potential for protecting against autoimmune diseases.

So-called autoimmune diseases develop when the immune system goes awry and attacks the body's own tissues. Professor Harrison said CD52 held great promise as a therapeutic agent for preventing and treating autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes.

"Immune suppression by CD52 is a previously undiscovered mechanism that the body uses to regulate itself, and protect itself against excessive or damaging immune responses," Professor Harrison said.

"We are excited about the prospect of developing this discovery to clinical trials as soon as possible, to see if CD52 can be used to prevent and treat type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases. This has already elicited interest from pharmaceutical companies," he noted.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that develops when immune cells attack and destroy insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.

Professor Harrison said that T cells that have or release high levels of CD52 are necessary to maintain normal balance in the immune system.

"In a preclinical model of type 1 diabetes, we showed that removal of CD52-producing immune cells led to rapid development of diabetes. We think that cells that release CD52 are essential to prevent the development of autoiummune disease, and that CD52 has great potential as a therapeutic agent," he said.

CD52 appears to play a dominant role in controlling or suppressing immune activity in the early stages of the immune response, Professor Harrison said.

"We identified a specialised population of immune cells (T cells) that carry high levels of CD52, which they release to dampen the activity of other T cells and prevent uncontrolled immune responses," Professor Harrison said.

"The cells act as an early 'braking' mechanism," he added.

Professor Harrison said his goal is to prevent and ultimately cure type 1 diabetes.

He revealed that they can prevent and cure type 1 diabetes in animal models and he's hopeful that these results will be translatable into humans, hopefully in the not-too-distant future.

The research was published today in the journal Nature Immunology.

Source-ANI

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DM

Sunday, August 18, 2013

Walking Reduces Risk of Diabetes and High Blood Pressure

Wednesday, July 31, 2013

Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Mild Renal Impairment Suffer Less Hypoglycemia With JANUVIA (sitagliptin) Compared to Sulfonylurea

Sunday, July 14, 2013

Childhood Respiratory Infections may Up Type 1 Diabetes Risk: Research

Thursday, June 27, 2013

Exercise Benefits Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Study

Wednesday, June 19, 2013

Statin use Ups diabetes risk

Friday, June 7, 2013

Newly Identified Immune Protein Could Stop Diabetes in Its Tracks: Melbourne Researchers