Bad Hair Days can Affect Mood and Confidence in Women

by Kathy Jones on? June 24, 2013 at 10:12 PM Women Health News A new survey carried out by budget hotel chain Travelodge in London has found that women spend almost 20 years of their lives struggling with bad hair days that often affect their mood and confidence.
Around 2,000 women took part in the survey where they were asked to what extent their mood was affected by their hair when they begin their day.

The researchers found that on an average, women struggle with unruly hair on three days in a week which means that they are in a bad mood for at least half the week. The researchers added that on average, a woman has to deal with bad hair on 7,332 days of her life, which is approximately around 20 years of their lifetime.

"Women feel like entirely different individuals when their hair does not behave. Having unmanageable tresses can make a woman feel tired, grumpy and less confident. In contrast, a great hair day will make a woman feel sexy, confident and ready to take on the world", Travelodge spokeswoman, Shakila Ahmed said.

Source-Medindia

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Azad Announces New Scheme for Pregnant Women

Speaking to reporters in Jammu and Kashmir, Azad revealed that the government will be paying the costs for treatment, transportation and food for the final six months of the pregnancy before the delivery and will also provide medical care to newborn babies for up to one year.

Azad added that the government has offered a number of incentives to pregnant women under two schemes, Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) and Janani Shishu Suraksha Karikram (JSSK).

"Now onward every pregnant woman right from the day first of her conceiving the baby and till the delivery, the Government will bear all expenses on her treatment, including transportation from her home to hospital and back besides medication. In case of caesarians, the women will be entitled to get free treatment up to 45 days", he said.

Source-Medindia

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Over 60 Million Women in India Utilize Internet to Manage Their Lives

by Kathy Jones on? June 24, 2013 at 8:18 PM Lifestyle News A new survey carried out by Google India reveals that more than 60 million women are regular internet users in the country and utilize the online medium to manage their day-to-day lives.
The web search engine released a report titled "Women & Web study" Thursday to understand the Internet usage pattern and its influence on purchase decisions of women using the online medium in India. It reveals that around 60 million women use the Internet to manage their day to day life, said a statement.

In terms of top searched categories by women on Google in India, apparels and accessories were on top followed by food and drink; baby care; hair care; and skin care.

The study also revealed that skin care, hair care, food and drink were the fastest growing search categories, with queries coming from mobile phones growing rapidly and accounting for almost 25 percent of total query volumes in these categories.

"With the report it is clear that the Internet is empowering Indian women with easy access to information and helping them to make more informed decisions in their day-to-day life," said Rajan Anandan, vice president and managing director, Google India.

With an easy access to the Internet at homes, cyber cafes, offices and growing adoption of smart phones, the medium is becoming favourite to choose the right product.

The study revealed, that women who are online, are relatively more affluent and younger.

The Study was compiled by Google India, by combining Google search query data in India for Apparel and accessories, food and drinks, baby care, hair care and skin care product categories along with TNS Australia research conducted online over 1,000 women in the age group of 18 to 65 and industry reports.

Source-IANS

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Majority of Women Do Not Adopt Lifestyle Choices That Reduce Cancer Risks

by Kathy Jones on? June 15, 2013 at 1:28 PM Women Health News Underlining the challenges facing anti-cancer associations, a new study revealed that a majority of women do not follow the lifestyle choices recommended by the American Cancer Society that can reduce the risk of cancer.
The new survey determined how women view diet and exercise in relationship to cancer and whether they believed that they were engaging in healthy behaviours, and if their diet and exercise choices really met the minimum recommendations.

Jennifer Irvine Vidrine, PhD and colleagues from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston) and Prevention Magazine (Emmaus, PA) found that less than 10 percent of women who admitted eating a healthy diet actually met the American Cancer Society's minimum fruit and vegetable intake recommendations, which is 2 servings of fruit and 3 servings of vegetables per day.

Less than 40 percent of women who confessed to doing regular physical activity met the American Cancer Society minimum recommendations of 30 minutes of moderate physical activity five days per week.

The study found that overall, more than half of the women who were surveyed failed to meet the minimum recommendations for physical activity and/or for daily consumption of fruits and vegetables.

The study has been published in the Journal of Women's Health.

Source-ANI

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Working Women at Higher Risk of Breast Cancer

by Dr. Nithin Jayan on? June 15, 2013 at 1:43 PM Health In Focus Professional women are at 70 percent higher risk of developing breast cancer than other women, finds a new study. Increased stress at work, prejudice, discrimination, and resistance may be the reasons that put successful women at risk of cancer.
Breast cancer accounts for 22.9 percent of all cancers in women worldwide. American experts estimate that about one out of every eight women born today will be diagnosed with breast cancer at some time during her life. A woman's risk of developing the cancer increases as she gets older; age is the strongest risk factor for breast cancer. A recent study suggests that increased stress at work and a number of other factors elevate the risk of acquiring breast cancer in successful professional women.

The link between job stress and cancer was revealed by the 55-year study of women who were in their thirties in the 1970's. Nearly 4000 women were included in the study; the longer a woman held her job, the greater was the risk of breast cancer. "Women who entered managerial occupations in the 1970's experienced prejudice and discrimination due to prevailing cultural attitudes that men made better leaders than women," says Dr. Tetyana Pudrovska, who led the study.

"Neither men or women preferred to work for a woman because women were seen as 'temperamentally unfit' for management, which was consistent with the cultural stereotype of the woman boss."

"Exercising job authority was particularly stressful for women in the context of gender inequality embedded in the occupational structure of the time, when women in managerial positions often faced prejudice, tokenism, discrimination, social isolation, and resistance from subordinates, colleagues, and superiors. We believe that women are still facing the same kind of stresses, and therefore the increased risk is likely to be there? today," concludes the researcher.

Source-Medindia

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Breast Cancer Risk In Women Could Be Doubled By Long Term Night Shifts

by Rukmani Krishna on? July 04, 2013 at 1:11 PM Women Health News Women who had worked in nights shifts for 30 or more years are twice as likely to suffer from breast cancer, claim researchers.
In the study, they assessed whether night shifts were linked to an increased risk of breast cancer among 1134 women with breast cancer and 1179 women without the disease, but of the same age, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and Kingston, Ontario.

The women, who had done various different jobs, were asked about their shift work patterns over their entire work history; hospital records were used to determine tumour type.

Around one in three women in both groups had worked night shifts. There was no evidence that those who had worked nights for up to 14 years or between 15 and 29 years had any increased risk of developing breast cancer.

But those who had worked nights for 30 or more years were twice as likely to have developed the disease, after taking account of potentially influential factors, however, the numbers in this group were comparatively small.

The authors said that the suggested link between breast cancer and shift work has been put down to melatonin, but sleep disturbances, upset body rhythms, vitamin D or lifestyle differences could also play their part.

Source-ANI

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HRT Does Not Increase Risk of Dementia in Postmenopausal Women: New Study

Earlier studies had linked hormone replacement therapy to a doubled risk of dementia and a reduced memory, but a new study published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine is all set to prove it wrong.

A team of researchers from the Wake Forest School of Medicine, North Carolina, recruited around 1,300 women for the study, all of them between the age of 50 and 55 years. All the study subjects were already under hormone replacement therapy medication.

The researchers gave one group of women their normal HRT medication, and another group a placebo. For seven years, the women were closely monitored, after which, their brain function scores were taken.

The results so obtained revealed no overall difference in the scores between women on placebo and the women taking their HRT medications.

"Our findings provide reassurance that CEO-based (conjugated equine oestrogens) therapies when administered to women earlier in the postmenopausal period do not seem to convey long-term adverse consequences for cognitive function," explained Dr Mark Espeland, a professor of biostatistics who led the research.

However, they did report - 'We are not able to address whether initiating hormone therapy during menopause and maintaining therapy until any symptoms are passed affects cognitive function, either in the short or longer term'.

Some minor speech disturbances occurring due to long-term use of HRT medications had also been shunned, attributing them to being statistically insignificant.

This study may come as a relief to around 1.5 million British women who use hormone replacement therapy to manage their symptoms of menopause. HRT medications have proved to be quite effective in treating symptoms associated with menopause including mood swings, hot flushes and more.

Source-Medindia

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids Cut Down Risk of Pelvic Fracture in Postmenopausal Women: Study

Prof. Rebecca Jackson and her colleagues conducted a study to assess the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and fractures of hips. Her research was published in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.

They examined the red blood corpuscles of females with and without past history of fractured hip and found that high levels of omega-3 fatty acids of both plant and animal origin were associated with decreased risk of having fractured pelvis.

While comparing the effect of omega-3 fatty acids with those of omega-6 fatty acids, the experts noticed that the risk of hip fracture increased with the rising ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids.

The researchers however were unclear about the exact mechanism responsible for this strange association, they figured that inflammation may account for bone resorption, the process of breaking down of bone due to release of osteoclasts.

Prof. Rebecca Jackson, the study's senior author and a professor of endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism at The Ohio State University mentioned, "Inflammation is associated with an increased risk of bone loss and fractures, and omega-3 fatty acids are believed to reduce inflammation. So we asked if we would see fractures decrease in response to omega-3 intake."

She added, "One thing that was critically important was that we didn't use self-report of food intake, because there can be errors with that. We looked directly at the exposure of the bone cell to the fatty acids, which is at the red blood cell level."

"Red blood cell levels also give an indication of long-term exposure to these fatty acids, which we took into account in looking for a preventive effect."

Fractured hips are the most frequent osteoporosis-related fractures with reported mortality rates up to 20 to 24 percent in the first year after a hip fracture according to the International Osteoporosis Foundation data.

Since the study did not assess the cause and effects, the researchers could not suggest whether intake of omega-3 as supplements could prevent fractures in postmenopausal females.

Prof. Tonya Orchard, the assistant professor of human nutrition at Ohio State and the first author of the study said, "We don't yet know whether omega-3 supplementation would affect results for bone health or other outcomes."

Tonya added, "Though it's premature to make a nutrition recommendation based on this work, I do think this study adds a little more strength to current recommendations to include more omega-3s in the diet in the form of fish, and suggests that plant sources of omega-3 may be just as important for preventing hip fractures in women."

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are essential fatty acids as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids which implies that they are needed for biological processes but must be consumed because the human body does not produce them on its own.

Omega-6 fatty acids have both anti- and pro-inflammatory effects while; omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory qualities.

The scientists enrolled volunteers from 1993 to 1998 and tracked them for fifteen years. Their blood samples and hip fracture records were obtained from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a large national prospective study of postmenopausal women.

The analysis revealed that high amount of omega-3 fatty acids and two other specific kinds of omega-3s were concerned with lower tendency of hip fractures.

Females having high ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids have twice the threat of hip fracture in comparison to females with the lowest ratios.

According to experts eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) are the main omega-3 fatty acids associated with reducing the risk of fractured hip.

Alpha-linolenic acid is derived from flaxseed oil and some nuts while eicosapentaenoic acid is found in abundance in fatty fish. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) does not have a major role in hip of fractures.

Prof. Tonya Orchard, mentioned, "But all three omega-3s were in the protective direction."

This work was financially aided by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. The WHI was supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.

Reference: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2013.

Source-Medindia

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Hot Flashes in HIV Women are More Severe

Their study was published online today in Menopause, the journal of The North American Menopause Society.

That toll has the potential to undermine an already shaky foundation for their lives, compromising their health, HIV treatment, and ability to abstain from drugs and alcohol, worried the authors. They urged clinicians who care for midlife HIV-infected women to evaluate hot flashes and their impact and offer treatment that can help.

The 33 HIV-infected women in the study, age 45 to 48, were in perimenopause?having irregular cycles. They answered questionnaires about their hot flash frequency and severity and other menopausal symptoms as well as about the effect the hot flashes had on their daily activities and quality of life. The answers were compared with those of a similar group of perimenopausal women without HIV.

While the women with HIV were experiencing moderate hot flashes, the uninfected women's hot flashes were mild. The women with HIV also had more sleep problems and more depressed moods, irritability, and anxiety. Hot flashes also interfered more with their work, social and leisure activities, concentration, relationships with others, sexuality, enjoyment of life, and overall quality of life than they did for women without HIV. In fact, the drag on quality of life was actually greater than what has been reported for breast cancer survivors, noted the authors.

It isn't clear why hot flashes are worse in women with HIV. That needs more research, they said.

Source-Eurekalert

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Cognitive Function of HRT for Women Ages 50 to 55 Years Studied

by Bidita Debnath on? June 25, 2013 at 6:06 PM Research News When given to women ages 50 to 55 years, postmenopausal hormone therapy with conjugated equine estrogens (CEEs) was not associated with overall sustained benefit or risk to cognitive function.
This is according to a report published Online First by JAMA Internal Medicine, a JAMA Network publication.

The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) demonstrated that postmenopausal hormone therapy with CEEs, when prescribed to women 65 years and older, caused deficits in global and domain-specific cognitive functioning.

The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study of Younger Women (WHIMSY) tested whether prescribing CEE-based hormone therapy to postmenopausal women ages 50 to 55 years had longer-term effects on cognitive function. The study by Mark A. Espeland, Ph.D., of the Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., and colleagues presents primary findings from this study.

"Global cognitive function scores from women who had been assigned to CEE-based therapies were similar to those from women assigned to placebo," according to the study results. "Similarly, no overall differences were found for any individual cognitive domain."

The study included 1,326 postmenopausal women, who had started treatment in two randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of hormone therapy when they were ages 50 to 55 years. The clinical trials the women participated in compared 0.625mg CEE with or without 2.5mg medroxyprogesterone acetate over an average of seven years.

"Our findings provide reassurance that CEE-based therapies when administered to women earlier in the postmenopausal period do not seem to convey long-term adverse consequences for cognitive function. Although we cannot rule out acute benefits or harm, these do not appear to be present to any degree a mean of seven years after cessation of therapy. One exception may be for minor longer-term disturbances of verbal fluency for women prescribed CEE alone; however this may be a chance finding," the authors conclude.
(JAMA Intern Med. Published online June 24, 2013. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.7727. Available pre-embargo to the media at http://media.jamanetwork.com.)

Editor's Note: An author made a conflict of interest disclosure. The study was supported by a National Institute on Aging contract. Other funding also was disclosed. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

Commentary: Hormone Therapy in Younger Women, Cognitive Health

In an invited commentary, Francine Grodstein, Sc.D., of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, writes: "Approximately 10 years ago, the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) found that postmenopausal hormone therapy in older women caused nearly two-fold increases in dementia risk, worse rates of cognitive decline over time, and decreased brain volume on magnetic resonance imaging, compared with placebo treatment."

"In the article by Espeland et al, WHIMS investigators report new results from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study in Younger Women (WHIMSY). The WHIMSY trial cleverly leverages 1,272 participants from the Women''s Health Initiative who were aged 50 to 55 years when they were originally assigned to hormone therapy or placebo and reports findings from cognitive assessments administered a mean 7.2 years after treatment was halted," Grodstein continues.

"In these younger women, reassuringly, cognitive function appears similar in those who had been given hormone therapy vs. placebo; that is, there is no evidence in WHIMSY of substantially worse cognitive function associated with hormone use at younger ages," Grodstein concludes.
(JAMA Intern Med. Published online June 24, 2013. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.6827. Available pre-embargo to the media at http://media.jamanetwork.com.)

Source-Newswise

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Birth Control 'Drama'- Canadian Women Sue Maker of Birth Control Pills

by Dr.Enozia Vakil on? May 19, 2013 at 6:04 AM Women Health News Canadian women launch a class-action lawsuit against the maker of a birth control pill after discovering that the product mostly contained placebos.
The lawsuit over 45 unwanted pregnancies and four abortions seeks Can$800 million (US$778.8 million) against pharmaceutical firm Apotex, the maker of the birth control pill Alysena.

"When they first got the news that they were pregnant they were shocked, stressed out and very worried," lawyer Sandy Zaitzeff said of his clients.

"Raising a child today costs millions of dollars," he told AFP. "In this modern world, people enter into relationships and don't necessarily want to have a child and so should not be burdened with the costs of raising a child."

Thousands of pill packages with the lot number LF01899A were recalled April 8 because some packages contained two weeks worth of placebo pills instead of just one.

Days later, the recall was expanded to 11 other lots, for a total of 550,000 packages.

Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq has ordered an investigation into a five-day delay in informing the public.

Source-AFP

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OSA is Associated With Less Visceral Fat Accumulation in Women Than Men: Study

"Visceral fat accumulation, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is also associated with OSA, and gender differences in mortality related to sleep apnea have been reported in some studies. Accordingly, we examined if the relationship between OSA and visceral fat accumulation differed by gender," said Drs. Yuka Harada, MD and Kazuo Chin MD.PhD, of the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine. "We found that visceral fat accumulation was associated with OSA in men, but not in women."

The study results will be presented at the ATS 2013 International Conference in Philadelphia.

The study enrolled 271 male and 100 female patients who were evaluated for OSA between October 2008 and December 2010.

Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were similar in men and women. Compared with women, men had greater visceral fat accumulation, more severe OSA, and more severe dyslipidemia.

Statistical analyses of the relationships between OSA and fat accumulation revealed that in men, age, BMI, and two indicators of OSA (minimum oxygen saturation during sleep and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference) were independently associated with visceral fat accumulation, while in women, only BMI was associated with visceral fat accumulation.

Measurements of subcutaneous fat were related to BMI in both men and women, but were not related to OSA parameters.

"The complex relationship between OSA and obesity is well documented," said Drs Harada and Chin. "If our findings that visceral fat accumulation is associated with OSA only in men are confirmed in further studies, it may help in the development of new prognostic tools and treatment approaches in this population."

Source-Newswise

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Doll Making Gains Popularity Among Tripura Women

by Bidita Debnath on? May 26, 2013 at 10:45 AM Lifestyle News In Tripura, women are finding different ways of becoming financially independent. And doll making is fast emerging as a preferred choice of profession among rural womenfolk.
Namita Mallick, a resident of Hapania village near Agartala, is a housewife. But, owing to her special skills in making dolls, she has now become a well-known entrepreneur in the state.

In 2005, Namita formed a self-help group and started making dolls, bags and other decorative items. Her work has inspired local women and over 10 women work for her. Many work from their homes as well.

"I thought instead of sitting at home I should do something. I was familiar with this work before my marriage. So, I started making dolls myself and then formed the SHG. We are able to earn quite well through this work," said Mallick.

Namita and her group are regular participants in fairs held across the country. Last year, the group exhibited their creativity at the annual India International Trade Fair in New Delhi.

Namita has till now trained more than 250 women at various skill development workshops so that they can work and earn in their leisure time.

"We formed a SHG in 2005, and one of our group members, Namita, taught us to make various things like dolls, garlands and many other items. After finishing my domestic chores, I work here," said Jotshna Adhikari, a member.

These women are able to make good money by selling hand-made items. Doll making has given new hope to women in the state who can now use their creativity to earn a livelihood.

Source-ANI

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Saudi Women may Access Football Stadium in the Near Future

by Bidita Debnath on? May 25, 2013 at 11:52 PM Lifestyle News In Saudi Arabia, women could be allowed in to football stadiums in the near future after the head of the country's football federation said he was in favour of the idea.
Ahmed Eid said such access could be granted "soon", raising the possibility that 15 percent of the under-construction King Abdullah stadium in Jeddah could be made into family boxes, where women could watch matches.

The stadium is due to be finished next year.

But the subject immediately triggered a wide-ranging debate in the Saudi media, with unfavourable opinion forcing the official to issue a clarification that he was merely expressing a personal opinion.

Ultra-conservative Saudi Arabia, which applies a strict interpretation of Islamic or Sharia law, bans men and women mixing in public and access for women in public areas.

Women's sport in the kingdom is virtually non-existent, although some young girls do take part in private schools under certain conditions.

"The question is the responsibility of the relevant authorities," said Eid. "The decision to allow women into stadiums is not one for any of the sporting federations."

The head of Saudi sport, Prince Nawaf bin Faisal, said only that he had nothing to add to Eid's clarification.

Saudi Arabi recently saw the first woman in a sporting arena when she and one of her "legal guardians" were at a show-jumping competition in the eastern province of Al-Ahsa.

A "legal guardian" is a Saudi woman's close relative without which she cannot travel overseas or to a public place where men may be present.

Some Saudi women supporters have also travelled to Kuwait to cheer on their football club, Al-Fath, in a regional competition.

But they were turned down when they asked to be able to watch the return leg at home.

In January, South Korean and Japanese expatriate women were allowed to watch matches in a Asian handball competition and female Saudi journalists covered the event.

Saudi Arabia is hoping to organise the finals of football's Asian Cup in 2019.

Should they be successful, they will be required to reserve spaces for women supporters, according to the rules of organisers, the Asian Football Confederation.

The debate comes after a young Dubai-based Saudi woman, Raha Muharraq, on Saturday became the first from the kingdom to scale the world's highest peak, Mount Everest.

Last year, Saudi Arabia came under international pressure to allow two female athletes to compete in the Olympic Games in London.

The International Olympic Committee allowed a judo player and a runner to take part with their heads and body covered, in compliance with Sharia law.

Source-AFP

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Women With Severe Injuries are Less Likely Than Men to be Treated in a Trauma Center: Study

"Gender-based disparities in access to healthcare services in general have been recognized for some time and evidence is emerging that these disparities extend to the treatment of severe injuries in trauma centers," says lead author Andrea Hill. MSc, PhD, a post-doctoral fellow at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. "Our study confirms and expands on these earlier findings by evaluating the relationship between gender and trauma center care in a large cohort of patients from across Canada."

The study results will be presented at the ATS 2013 International Conference in Philadelphia.The retrospective cohort study included 98,871 adult patients with severe injury (Injury Severity Score>15 or death within 24 hours of hospital admission).Of the 33,080 women in the cohort, 49.6% received care in a trauma center, compared to 63.2% of males, a statistically significant (p<0.0001) difference. In the subgroup of patients aged 65 or older, 37.5% of women received trauma center care, compared with 49.6% of men, again a significant (p<0.0001) difference. After adjusting for the effects of clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic variables, severely injured womenremained less likely to be treated in a traumacenter than men (odds ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.76 - 0.82). Separate analyses of women with fall-related injuries and women with motor vehicle-related injuries revealed that they were also less likely to receive trauma center care than men. This pattern of gender differences in access to trauma center care was consistent across different mechanisms of injury, different income levels and among both urban and rural patients."Our study provides yet more evidence of important gender differences in access to trauma center care for people with severe injuries," said Dr. Hill. "Future research should focus on the factors underlying these differences and on the effects of these disparities on patient outcomes."

Source-Eurekalert

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NIAAA Drinking Guidelines Flouted More Frequently by College Women Than College Men

by Kathy Jones on? May 19, 2013 at 3:07 PM Alcohol & Drug Abuse News Female college student drinkers exceed National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) guidelines for weekly drinking more frequently than their male counterparts, new research has indicated.
In order to avoid harms associated with alcohol consumption, in 2009 the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism issued guidelines that define low-risk drinking. These guidelines differ for men and women: no more than four drinks per day, and 14 drinks per week for men, and no more than three drinks per day, and seven drinks per week for women. A study of how well college students adhere to these limits has found that female college student drinkers exceed national drinking guidelines for weekly drinking more frequently than their male counterparts.

Results will be published in the October 2013 issue of Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research and are currently available at Early View.

"Recommended drinking limits are lower for women than for men because research to date has found that women experience alcohol-related problems at lower levels of alcohol consumption than men," explained Bettina B. Hoeppner of the Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Addiction Medicine, an assistant professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School as well as corresponding author for the study.

"It is always important to take gender into account when studying health or risk behaviors," added Melissa A. Lewis, associate professor in the department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the University of Washington. "Even if you hold weight constant, there are differences in terms of how alcohol affects men and women. For example, men have more of an enzyme in the stomach - a gastric alcohol dehydrogenase - that lowers the amount of alcohol that makes it into the bloodstream. Also, women have less blood going through the bloodstream than a man at the same weight, so alcohol gets more concentrated in the bloodstream."

For this study, Hoeppner and her colleagues asked 992 college students (575 females, 417 males) to report their daily drinking habits on a biweekly basis, using web-based surveys throughout their first year of college.

"We found that female college-student drinkers exceeded national drinking guidelines for weekly drinking more frequently than their male counterparts," said Hoeppner. "Weekly cut-offs are recommended to prevent long-term harmful effects due to alcohol, such as liver disease and breast cancer. By exceeding weekly limits more often than men, women are putting themselves at increased risk for experiencing such long-term effects."

"In addition," said Lewis, "men's weekly drinking declined over time whereas women's weekly drinking did not. This finding is concerning. If women continue to exceed weekly drinking recommendations over time, it puts them at greater risk for health issues, such as liver or heart disease and certain forms of cancer."

"These findings contribute to our understanding of how populations adhere to national drinking guidelines," said Hoeppner. "Specifically, it examines college student drinkers, where adherence to weekly drinking limits has not been examined before. Generally, 'binge drinking' receives more attention when examining college student drinking, however, for long-term health, it is also important to examine the establishment of drinking patterns that may lead to long-term harmful effects, not just short-term effects."

"These findings highlight the need for prevention efforts to focus on both daily and weekly limits to reduce harm from short- and long-term negative consequences related to alcohol use," said Lewis. "Current preventative interventions often do not focus on weekly drinking recommendations, which is important and a warranted area of future research.

Hoeppner agreed. "Our results might motivate clinicians to address weekly drinking limits and the potential for long-term alcohol related harm with their patients," she said. "The reasons that many college students exceed these weekly limits are unclear. It is possible that lack of awareness of the guidelines and possible consequences of exceeding them contributes to these high rates. If so, clinicians might reduce harm by educating their college-student patients about the guidelines and the harm they seek to prevent, especially their female patients. Similarly, researchers and clinicians designing prevention/intervention programs might find it useful to address weekly drinking limits in their programs, both to reduce incidence rates thereof, and to identify the reasons for exceeding these guidelines."

Source-Eurekalert

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